Module+3+Design

In the course wiki you will be working with your classmates to locate and share PowerPoint presentations that exhibit one or more of the 10 principles by Mayer. Once you have located the PowerPoint presentation on SlideShare you will embed it on this Module 3 Page in the course wiki. Each entry should 1) clearly display the author of the PowerPoint, 2) Explain which principle is being demonstrated and how, and 3) Please post your initials next to your entry. You can separate your entries by inserting a horizontal line. (The icon with the blue bar in the wiki toolbar.) To embed a slideshare presentation just copy the embed code and click in the TV icon in the wiki toolbar. You can click on "Other html" then paste the embed code and click on Save.

Below is an example from a previous class

media type="custom" key="15429690"(LAF)

Author: ejars Website: [|www.slideshare.net]

In this Slideshare presentation, the __task__ to be achieved is to convey to the viewers the meaning of instructional design. This video stays on target taking the viewer through a series of slides that effectively reduces extraneous processing as described by Mayer in the course reading. The first area addressed by Mayer and included in this presentation is to reduce extraneous material. This Slideshare includes short, concise text that explains the concept quickly and effectively. The second area explained by Mayer and included in this video is signaling. Each essential concept in this Slideshare is highlighted at the beginning of the presentation with a short highlighted or bold phrase or question introducing the basic concept to be understood. This presentation does an excellent __job__ of what Mayer coined as the "spatial contiguity principle" where explanatory words are posted next to the picture for better understanding and synthesis of the information.

Mayer defines one of two principles for fostering generative processing as the __application__ of the "multimedia principle." This means people learn better from pictures and words rather than just seeing and reading the words. This slide show does a wonderful __job__ of creating a visual representation such as a picture or graph for almost every text entry shown on the screen. This helps the viewer to create better connections in the brain by being shown both the verbal and pictorial representation of the subject area which studies have shown leads to deeper understanding. Finally, Mayer talks about the "personalization principle" where using a conversational style to the text helps to create a relationship between the viewer and presenter. If a relationship is formed, studies have shown that the viewer will try harder to understand the material being presented.

__**"Capturing a Photo from Flickr"**__ (Roshel Salvador) media type="custom" key="17953098"

Author: [|Larry K Cragun is on a family history mission]
Website: []

The Slideshare presentation that I have chosen is called “Capturing a Photo from Flickr”. It shows the reader steps on how to look for a particular image on Flickr and how one can embed it into one’s website. Even though the slideshow is pretty simple, with only the use of 8 slides, I am already able to point out a few of Mayer’s principles for the design of multimedia instruction.

The first is //spatial contiguity principle// where “people learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page and screen” (p.764, Mayer). Each of the slides are not bombarded with an abundance of text, evenly spaced out and the photos match the text perfectly. The matching text to the photo is right beside each other, which avoids confusion and misunderstanding.

This concept also __matches__ perfectly with the //multimedia principle//where “people learn more deeply when they build connections between a verbal representation and a pictorial representation of the same material” (p.766). When going through the steps of the presentation, the creator uses screenshots to help illustrate his instructions on this particular website (Flickr). This allows the student to visually __understand__ the actually website before going on it, or to follow along side with it as he/she goes through all the steps. Also, the creator added colourful arrows to furtherhis steps, to point out particular aspects on the screenshots that match with his instruction.

Another principle that I wanted to speak about is the //personalization principle//in which the students better when the text is done in a more conversational style than a formal style (p.766). Throughout the slides you follow through the eyes of the creator and what you as the observer would also need to do. It gives it a more personal feel to the slideshow.

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 * [|**Designing iPhone and iPad apps (Kenton Larsen)**]**
 * Author: [|Martin Ringlein]**
 * Website: []**

I've selected a Slideshare presentation by Martin Ringlein called "Designing iPhone and iPad apps" - a topic near and dear to my heart.

Mayer's principles at __work__ in this presentation:

This presentation has a sleek and clean design and uses a minimum amount of copy and images - just enough to get the job done and be compelling. As I often say in class: the secret to writing advertising is to aim to say the most by using the fewest words. As Ringlein's work shows, the same principle holds true for presentations.
 * 1. The coherence principle**: "People learn better when extraneous material is excluded rather than included in a multimedia lesson." (Mayer, P. 764)

This presentation follows the basic principles of design by making effective use of whitespace (bluespace!), balance, and symmetry. If your presentation is about design, it had better be well designed, and this one gets the job done while keeping words and pictures close together, as Mayer advocates.
 * 2. The spatial contiguity principle**: "People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen. (P. 764)

This presentation features screenshots of iPhones, iPods, and iPads, visualizes the measurements of each device, and uses app icons as bullets, so the visuals match the topic.
 * 3. The multimedia principle**: "People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone." (P. 766)

While this presentation covers a complicated topic, it never veers from using layman's terms; If "What da font?" isn't conversational, I don't know what is. Ha! Thanks for reading, Kenton Larsen
 * 4. The personalization principle**: "People learn better from a multimedia lesson when words are in a conversational style rather than a formal style." (P. 766)

=The connective tissue of creativity=


 * Posted by Rita Zuba Prokopetz **

Before I begin my narrative about my choice of SlideShare and how it reflects the principles of Richard Mayer, I would like to call your attention to slides 30 and 31 of this presentation by Randall Snare posted on May 16.

Following are his two quotes of slides 30 and 31, respectively:
 * “In order to break it down, you must know everything about the stuff you’re working with.”
 * “In order to put it together, you must know everything about who you’re putting it together for.”

He is echoing the words of Donald A. Norman regarding “emotional design” and the importance of the who/how/why in human-centred designs.

As we can see, the themes of our modules are all connected; interestingly enough, the theme of the SlideShare “The Connective Tissue of Creativity” I chose for this posting is also about how things connect. This leads me to the connection I have made between the slides and some of the principles mentioned on the article by Richard Mayer.

Mayer’s **//multimedia principle//** and the **//personalization principle//** are examples of “two techniques intended to foster __generative processing__ in learners.” (p.766). The first of the two principles mentioned states how much better one learns when pictures and words are used as part of the instructional method. The latter of the two deals with the language used; preference given to more personalized (you), conversational and informal rather than formal. Some of the slides used in the example I chose exemplify both principles. Slide 24, for instance, shows examples of modularity – each with a label to describe the “event” depicted in the clip (words and pictures used to foster learning). In slide 22, the “instructional designer” seems to be talking to his audience when he proposes a question regarding animal welfare (personalized language approach).

Slide 8 has a photo of Galileo and the word “experiment” above it. One would stop at the slide long enough to recognize the face in the photo, and would then be “hooked” by the significance of the label chosen for the photo – what is displayed on the label is not the name of the person, but rather what the person represents. This slide would depict the **//spatial contiguity principle//** by Mayer – “people learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near each other on a page or screen.” (p.764)

Leading to slide 4, which displays a portrait of Newton and the apple tree, there is a slide with a large red circle and the word “Gravity” inside it (slide 3). The red-coloured circle acts as another “hook” and one feels compelled to click on the next slide to “connect” the text with the graphic. This could be an example of Mayer’s **//signaling principle//** – which states one learns best when “essential words are highlighted.” (p.764)

I believe there are many “connections” between the principles outlined by Richard Mayer and the slide presentation created by Randall Snare. I hope I have given you enough information to “hook” you into viewing the presentation in its entirety. Enjoy!

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 * “How to Create a Perfect Tagline” reviewed by Cari Vanderheyden**
 * Author: Abhishek Shah**

The Slideshare presentation that I have chosen is called “How to Create a Perfect Tagline”. It would be a wonderful resource to utilize in my International Business class during our unit on Marketing. It walks a novice business person (or in my case students) through the steps of developing a tagline for their company/product/service. This slideshow uses multiple principles for the design of multimedia instruction as stated by Richard E. Mayer.
 * For More information on the Author:[]**
 * Website: []**

The first principle of Mayer’s, reducing extraneous processing, which is utilized in this Slideshare is that of //signaling principle//. The //signaling principle// “involves highlighting the essential material in the lesson.” Abhishek Shah utilizes the signaling principle by adding key overview statements about creating the perfect tagline for your company, which emphasis the important concepts of the Slideshare. These key sentences/words “help guide the learner’s attention toward the essential material, thereby minimizing the learner’s processing of extraneous material.” (p. 764)

Another principle of Mayer’s, reducing extraneous processing, which is utilized in this Slideshare is that of //spatial contiguity principle//. The //spatial contiguity principle// states that people learn better when “corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen.” Abhishek Shah has created the opportunity for learners to “perform better on answering transfer tests” because of the “integrated presentation” where the important words and sentences of the Slideshare are located next to the corresponding visual image. (p. 764)

Finally, Abhishek Shah has utilized Mayer’s //multimedia principle// to ensure that his viewers “learn better from words and pictures that from words alone.” Mayer’s principle states that, “people learn more deeply when they build connections between a verbal representation and pictorial representation of the same material.” Shah has displays the key concept in creating a tagline and matches these concepts with pictures so that viewers can better remember the information. (p.766)

There are many examples in this presentation of good uses of multimedia as an instructional design tool. I hope you enjoy.


 * "Nest Fellowship Photography Presentation"**

by [|**bgottsab**] May 24th, 2012 media type="custom" key="18681112"(APH)

This is a presentation given to young photographers who are looking to photograph international artisans. In it, there are a variety of multimedia principles that Richard Mayer places importance on. From the short presentation, I was able to learn quite a lot about photography, something that I have never really understood before.
 * Posted by Aaron Hughes**

The following are the principles of Mayer that I found in the presentation:

1. There is no extraneous material in the presentation. Every piece of information adheres to the goals of the presentation and sticks to the **coherence principle.** Each different subject could have been connected to many other examples. Instead, each comes with a few examples and written instructions.

2. With the pictures being accompanied by text, it also represents **spatial contiguity.** The author could have placed pictures on one slide, and then an explanation on the other. Instead, they are on the same page. This aligns with Mayer, as "people learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen" (p. 764)

3. As stated above, the pictures are accompanied by text. This also follows the **multimedia principle.** For each different type of successful image, there is a text explanation as well. This allows the viewers to see the pictures that are successful, and know why they are successful. This follows the multimedia principle as it supports the idea that "people learn more deeply when they build connections between a verbal representation and a pictorial representation of the same material." (p. 766)

4. The language is also important. In this presentation, there is language like "your images', "your subject", and "diagonals that bring you in". This is a perfect representation of the **personalization** principle. The presenter is directly speaking to individuals who want to take on the task of artisan photography. In making the presentation personal, the photographers may be easier able to think of their own situations to help them understand the concepts.

media type="custom" key="18743142" Presentation by Angela Rupert Reviewed by Frances Palmateer I found this presentation on slide share and it intrigued me as since I have passed the half century mark my memory is not what it used to be. Here are the Mayer principles that I observed in this presentation: 1. Coherence Principle- extraneous material is kept to a minimum in this presentation. 2. Spatiial Contiguity Principle- words are presented near and connected to corresponding pictures and parts of pictures. 3. Multimedia Principle- words and pictures are presented together to give visual cues for the learner 4. Personalization Principle- although this presentation could have gotten caught up in medical jargon they keep the terms at a conversational level that most people can understand.

media type="custom" key="18749340" created on March 27, 2007 from the Teachers Teaching Teachers Workshop
 * "Travel the World in Your Classroom with Google Earth"** by __Julia Tebbets ~ Sewickley__

Embedded to this educational wiki by **Kyle McKay** When searching for a presentation to share on Mayer's principles, I thought it would be useful to find a slideshow that would provide me with assistance in creating my instructional resource. The multimedia item that I have chosen gives a pretty decent overview of the capabilities of Google Earth and how to use it in your classroom. There were 4 of Mayer's principles that really stood out to me after going through this presentation.
 * The first principle I found evidence of was the C**oherence Principle**. This presentation covers a topic that is extremely in-depth, and I have come across manuals, videos, and websites that feature hours of reading or viewing on this same topic. The author puts together a very straightforward layout that keeps the focus simple, and does a good job at removing extraneous material from what could be easily a very distracting and overwhelming presentation. With so many features that are available in this program, the author does not stray from her main point of simply getting a user started using Google Earth.
 * The layout of this presentation helps demonstrate the **Spatial Contiguity Principle** from Mayer's work. Throughout the slideshow, the author does a very good job with her design in regards to having corresponding pictures and words in the appropriate locations. There are a variety of screenshots taken from Google Earth with arrows connecting the accompanying text.
 * Another principle I found evidence of in this presentation was the **Pre-Training Principle**. While some viewers may not see this as pre-training, in comparison to the other resources available for learning about Google Earth, this is a great introduction for a user to go through to learn about the names and locations of the different components this program has to offer. The user manual can be a little overwhelming, and this presentation helps to ease some of the apprehension someone might have about getting started with this learning resource. The screen-shots of the open menus makes navigating this program that much easier. I would recommend anyone interested in learning more about Google Earth to start with this presentation before diving into the more complex tutorials that are available.
 * The last piece of Mayer's work that really stood out to me was the **Multimedia Principle**. The research has shown that people learn better from words and pictures than from words alone. While the first few slides are simply words, once the author gets into explaining the different components of Google Earth, she incorporates the use of pictures to correspond with the text. As a novice in using Google Earth, the correlating pictures and texts help me to build a verbal representation and a pictorial representation of the material presented.

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Posted by: Kennoth Campbell
 * SlideShare Link-** [|How to use Twitter (InfoGraphic)]
 * Author**: Cheryl Lawson

Principle being used: This principle is being used in this slide show because the “conversation” being discussed in the slide show is represented by birds asking and answering questions. Just as if I were to have a normal conversation with a student. In addition, the reader creates a “social partnership” with the narrators (birds in this case). Because this is a conversational style slide show students would or should be able to increase their learning by 1.11 (d).
 * 1) Personalization (presenting words in conversational style rather than formal style)

2. Segmenting (Present animation in learner-paced segments) This principle is being used in the slide show to assist learners in learning various items of “Tweeting” on Twitter. Although there is no evidence or check to see if the learner has officially learned the material presented, the learner can move through the PowerPoint at their own pace and learn as each slide demonstrates a new technique.

As a side note, I did notice once item that could make this slideshow better, the author could have incorporated more photos to go with the text presented. For example utilizing the principle of Spatial Contiguity, placing graphics next to text. This could help the learner visualize what they would see on the screen for their “Tweet” as they read through the text. media type="custom" key="18881168"

Principle being used:

1.Signaling The principle is used each type of organizational text has a heading to indicate what the topic or the slide is. Slides have a lot of text and sections are highlighted to draw the viewers attention to key phrases and words repeatedly. This highlighting helps to focus the audience on the important information included in the presentation from slide to slide.

2. Pretraining The slide show gives the characteristics and key components of each organizational pattern of text. Then as students progress through a section they will see this information again as it is being applied to a passage of text.

The slide show has a lot of images and pictures but they don't necessarily enhance the experience and this could be improved.

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"Where is the dog?" by Rosana Fernandez Chaperro http://www.slideshare.net/RosanaFernndezChaparro/prepositions-of-place-13062162

Embedded by: LaToya Claiborne

Mayer's Principles

Multimedia Principle This slide show has lots of images to show what each sentence is stating. The sentence has the preposition underlined and the picture places the dog in the correct position on the table. Students are able to read the sentence based on the picture they are seeing. Then, the slide goes into places in the home and different activities. Every sentence has a matching picture.

Spatial Contiguity The words and pictures are presented at the same time and next to each other on the same page. Students will not have difficulty learning these prepositions of place. There is not an assessment on this presentation to see whether the student can read, recognize, or demonstrate the words.

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__"Integers" by Tara Cambell__ __[]__

__Embedded by Andy Hughes__

__This presentation exhibits certain aspects of Mayer's ten principles for reducing extraneous processing, managing essential processing, and fostering generative processing. The creator uses **signaling** effectively by highlighting key terms and concepts. After each algorithm, the steps are condensed and highlighted. The highlighted portions are absolutely essential for proper integer calculation.__

__The presentation uses the **multimedia** principle by placing relevant graphics next to the words so that the user can see what the text is referring to rather than have to imagine it. In my opinion it is essential in mathematics to provide relevant examples of the content in action. There were, however, not an excessive amount of graphics, keeping it all very concise, and not creating extraneous distractions.__

__The slideshow follows the principle of **coherence** very well by giving the viewer only the necessary information, and not a lot of extras. The material is presented in a very organized way, and does not waste time and space with extra information that is not required to get the desired information across to the learner. Running through the presentation, I was unable to locate any information that is not critical to solving problems involving integers.__

__"Stop Killing Students with PowerPoint" by Jacqueline Hicks__

__[]__

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__Embedded by Gib Lucas__

This PowerPoint is so well done, all teachers should check it out (don't be intimidated by the number of slides, it goes by real fast). Mayer's techniques for managing essential processing are relevant here. The PowerPoint shows that the developer must break a lesson down into manageable parts (segmenting principle), introducing key concepts (pretraining principle), and presenting graphics with spoken text rather than graphics with printed text (modality principle). The PowerPoint clearly illustrates how incoming essential information can overload the visual channel.

Personalization is also advocated and demonstrated. The directive is: Don't load a slide with text. Use images and key words and don't read long passages off the slide. Keep it simple and attractive so that you don't lose your audience. I regret and apologize for not being timely with this submission. Hopefully, some of you will take a peek and learn how to better develop PowerPoint presentations that, in the words of Mayer; are "based on an understanding of how the human mind works".